The Buddha shares in brief the four kinds of verbal misconduct - 1) lying, 2) divisive speech, 3) harsh speech, and 4) frivolous chatter.
“Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, vacīduccaritāni. Katamāni cattāri?
“Bhikkhus, there are these four kinds of |verbal misconduct::misbehavior in speech [vacīduccarit]|. What four?
1 Musāvādo,
1 |False speech::lying, deliberately speaking falsehood [musāvāda]|,
2 pisuṇā vācā,
2 |divisive speech::slanderous, defamatory, malicious speech [pisuṇavācā]|,
3 pharusā vācā,
3 |harsh speech::abusive, rude, or unkind way of speaking [pharusāvācā]|,
4 samphappalāpo
4 |frivolous chatter::meaningless talk, gossip, idle speech [samphappalāpa]|.
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri vacīduccaritānī”ti.
These are the four kinds of verbal misconduct.”
“Bhikkhus, there are these four kinds of |verbal misconduct::misbehavior in speech [vacīduccarit]|. What four?
1 |False speech::lying, deliberately speaking falsehood [musāvāda]|,
2 |divisive speech::slanderous, defamatory, malicious speech [pisuṇavācā]|,
3 |harsh speech::abusive, rude, or unkind way of speaking [pharusāvācā]|,
4 |frivolous chatter::meaningless talk, gossip, idle speech [samphappalāpa]|.
These are the four kinds of verbal misconduct.”
“Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, vacīduccaritāni. Katamāni cattāri?
1 Musāvādo,
2 pisuṇā vācā,
3 pharusā vācā,
4 samphappalāpo
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri vacīduccaritānī”ti.