The Buddha explains how he investigated the four elements of earth, water, fire and air to understand the full extent of gratification, drawback, and escape in regard to each of them.

Acariṁ sutta - Investigation

At Sāvatthi.

“Bhikkhus, I |investigated::practiced, engaged in [acariṁ]| the |gratification::satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment, sweetness [assāda]| in the |earth element::whatever internal or external that is solid, hard, resistant, appears stable and supporting, which can be considered as belonging to oneself, and can be clung to [pathavīdhātu]|, and whatever gratification there is in the earth element, I |directly experienced::achieved [tadajjhagamā]| it. As far as the gratification in the earth element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with |wisdom::distinctive knowledge, discernment [paññā]|. Bhikkhus, I investigated the |drawback::disadvantage, unsatisfactoriness, inadequacy, danger [ādīnava]| in the earth element, and whatever drawback there is in the earth element, I directly experienced it. As far as the drawback in the earth element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom. Bhikkhus, I investigated the |escape::way out, remedy [nissaraṇa]| in regard to the earth element, and whatever escape there is in regard to the earth element, I directly experienced it. As far as the escape in regard to the earth element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom.

Bhikkhus, I investigated the gratification in the |water element::whatever internal or external, that is liquid, cohesive, flowing, binding, moist, which can be considered as belonging to oneself, and can be clung to [āpodhātu]|, and whatever gratification there is in the water element, I directly experienced it. As far as the gratification in the water element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom. Bhikkhus, I investigated the drawback in the water element, and whatever drawback there is in the water element, I directly experienced it. As far as the drawback in the water element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom. Bhikkhus, I investigated the escape in regard to the water element, and whatever escape there is in regard to the water element, I directly experienced it. As far as the escape in regard to the water element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom.

Bhikkhus, I investigated the gratification in the |fire element::whatever internal or external that is hot, fiery, transformative, warming, cooling, which can be considered as belonging to oneself and can be clung to [tejodhātu]|, and whatever gratification there is in the fire element, I directly experienced it. As far as the gratification in the fire element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom. Bhikkhus, I investigated the drawback in the fire element, and whatever drawback there is in the fire element, I directly experienced it. As far as the drawback in the fire element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom. Bhikkhus, I investigated the escape in regard to the fire element, and whatever escape there is in regard to the fire element, I directly experienced it. As far as the escape in regard to the fire element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom.

Bhikkhus, I investigated the gratification in the |air element::whatever internal or external that is airy, gaseous, moving, vibrating, wind-like, which can be considered as belonging to oneself and can be clung to [vāyodhātu]|, and whatever gratification there is in the air element, I directly experienced it. As far as the gratification in the air element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom. Bhikkhus, I investigated the drawback in the air element, and whatever drawback there is in the air element, I directly experienced it. As far as the drawback in the air element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom. Bhikkhus, I investigated the escape in regard to the air element, and whatever escape there is in regard to the air element, I directly experienced it. As far as the escape in regard to the air element goes, it has been thoroughly seen by me with wisdom.

Bhikkhus, as long as I did not |experientially understand::directly knew, realized [abbhaññāsi]|, |as they truly are::as they have come to be, in reality [yathābhūta]|, the gratification as gratification, the drawback as drawback, and the escape as escape in regard to these four elements, I did not claim to have awakened to the unsurpassed perfect awakening in this world with its |deities::gods [devas]|, |Māras::demons, tempters, beings of delusion|, |Brahmas::Gods; celestial beings residing in the Brahmā realms, often considered to be highly refined and long-lived deities. [brahmā]|, among this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, its kings and commoners.

But bhikkhus, when I experientially understood, as they truly are, the gratification as gratification, the drawback as drawback, and the escape as escape in regard to these four elements, only then did I claim to have awakened to the unsurpassed perfect awakening in this world with its |deities::gods [devas]|, |Māras::demons, tempters, beings of delusion|, |Brahmas::Gods; celestial beings residing in the Brahmā realms, often considered to be highly refined and long-lived deities. [brahmā]|, among this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, its kings and commoners.

|Wisdom::insight, knowing [ñāṇa]| and |vision::realization [dassana]| arose in me: ‘My liberation is unshakeable, this is my final birth, now there is no more |renewed existence::renewal of being, reappearance, rebirth, future life [punabbhava]|.’”

Last updated on March 27, 2025

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