A true “dweller in the Dhamma” does not pass the day solely learning, teaching, reciting, or pondering teachings. Instead, they balance their learning by prioritizing seclusion and applying themselves to internal serenity of mind.

AN 5.73  Paṭhama dhamma vihārī sutta - Dweller in the Dhamma (First)

Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

Then a certain bhikkhu approached the Blessed One. Having drawn near, he paid homage to the Blessed One and sat down to one side. Sitting to one side, that bhikkhu said to the Blessed One:

“‘dhammavihārī, dhammavihārī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bhikkhu dhammavihārī hotī”ti?

“Venerable sir, it is said ‘one who dwells in the Dhamma, one who dwells in the Dhamma.’ To what extent, venerable sir, is a bhikkhu one who dwells in the Dhamma?”

“Idha, bhikkhu, bhikkhu dhammaṁ pariyāpuṇāti suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So tāya dhammapariyattiyā divasaṁ atināmeti, riñcati paṭisallānaṁ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṁ cetosamathaṁ. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhu: ‘bhikkhu pariyattibahulo, no dhammavihārī’.

1.) Here, a bhikkhu |thoroughly learns::studies well, masters [pariyāpuṇāti]| the |Dhamma::teachings of the Buddha that point to the nature of reality, the ultimate truth [dhamma]|—discourses, mixed prose and verse, expositions, verses, inspired utterances, sayings, birth stories, marvelous accounts, and questions-and-answers. He passes the day in learning the Dhamma but neglects |seclusion::solitude, privacy [paṭisallāna]| and does not apply himself to |tranquility of mind::mental stillness, internal serenity of mind [cetosamatha]|. This bhikkhu is called one |who is devoted to learning::who studies scriptures a lot [pariyattibahula]|, not one who dwells in the Dhamma.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhu, bhikkhu yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ vitthārena paresaṁ deseti. So tāya dhammapaññattiyā divasaṁ atināmeti, riñcati paṭisallānaṁ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṁ cetosamathaṁ. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhu: ‘bhikkhu paññattibahulo, no dhammavihārī’.

2.) Furthermore, a bhikkhu teaches the Dhamma to others in detail as he has heard and thoroughly learned it. He passes the day in |teaching the Dhamma::communicating the teaching [dhammapaññatti]| but neglects seclusion and does not apply himself to tranquility of mind. This bhikkhu is called one who is devoted to teaching, not one who dwells in the Dhamma.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhu, bhikkhu yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ vitthārena sajjhāyaṁ karoti. So tena sajjhāyena divasaṁ atināmeti, riñcati paṭisallānaṁ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṁ cetosamathaṁ. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhu: ‘bhikkhu sajjhāyabahulo, no dhammavihārī’.

3.) Furthermore, a bhikkhu recites the Dhamma in detail as he has heard and thoroughly learned it. He passes the day in |reciting::chanting, rehearsing, repeating [sajjhāya]| the Dhamma but neglects seclusion and does not apply himself to tranquility of mind. This bhikkhu is called one who is devoted to reciting, not one who dwells in the Dhamma.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhu, bhikkhu yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. So tehi dhammavitakkehi divasaṁ atināmeti, riñcati paṭisallānaṁ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṁ cetosamathaṁ. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhu: ‘bhikkhu vitakkabahulo, no dhammavihārī’.

4.) Furthermore, a bhikkhu ponders over, re-examines, and mentally investigates the Dhamma as he has heard and thoroughly learned it. He passes the day in pondering over the Dhamma but neglects seclusion and does not apply himself to tranquility of mind. This bhikkhu is called one who is devoted to pondering, not one who dwells in the Dhamma.

Idha, bhikkhu, bhikkhu dhammaṁ pariyāpuṇāti suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So tāya dhammapariyattiyā na divasaṁ atināmeti, nāpi riñcati paṭisallānaṁ, anuyuñjati ajjhattaṁ cetosamathaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhu, bhikkhu dhammavihārī hoti.

5.) Here, a bhikkhu thoroughly learns the Dhamma—discourses, mixed prose and verse, expositions, verses, inspired utterances, sayings, birth stories, marvelous accounts, and questions-and-answers. He does not pass the day [solely] in learning the Dhamma. He does not neglect seclusion and he applies himself to tranquility of mind. In this way, a bhikkhu is one who dwells in the Dhamma.

Iti kho, bhikkhu, desito mayā pariyattibahulo, desito paññattibahulo, desito sajjhāyabahulo, desito vitakkabahulo, desito dhammavihārī. Yaṁ kho, bhikkhu, satthārā karaṇīyaṁ sāvakānaṁ hitesinā anukampakena anukampaṁ upādāya, kataṁ vo taṁ mayā. Etāni, bhikkhu, rukkhamūlāni, etāni suññāgārāni. Jhāyatha, bhikkhu, pamādattha, pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvattha. Ayaṁ vo amhākaṁ anusāsanī”ti.

So, bhikkhu, I have taught one who is devoted to learning, I have taught one who is devoted to teaching, I have taught one who is devoted to reciting, I have taught one who is devoted to pondering, and I have taught one who dwells in the Dhamma. Whatever should be done by a teacher seeking the welfare of his disciples, out of compassion|,::::;| that I have done for you|, bhikkhu.::::.| Here are the roots of trees|, bhikkhu;::::;| here are the empty huts. Meditate, bhikkhu, do not be negligent. Do not be |regretful::remorseful; lit. remembering back negatively [vippaṭisārī]| later. This is our instruction to you.”

Topics & Qualities:

Diligence

Diligence

The protective quality of guarding the mind amidst sensory experience. By restraining the faculties, the mind remains unsoiled by attraction.

Also known as: alertness, carefulness, heedfulness, conscientiousness, vigilance
Pāli: appamāda, uṭṭhāna
View all discourses →
Investigation

Investigation

Investigation involves the process of a careful inquiry of mental states, qualities, and phenomena, examining their arising, persisting, and ceasing in order to understand their true nature and support the cultivation of wisdom and awakening.

Also known as: inquiry, contemplation, examination, analysis, exploration
Pāli: vicaya, vīmaṃsā, parikkhati
View all discourses →
Learned

Learned

One who has broad learning and retention of the Dhamma, gained through hearing, reciting, and carefully investigating the teachings. Such learning penetrates their meaning through discernment and serves as a strong support for practice.

Also known as: having knowledge, well studied
Pāli: bahussuta, suta
View all discourses →
Recollection of the Dhamma

Recollection of the Dhamma

A mental quality of reflecting on the qualities of the Dhamma, which counters doubt and strengthens faith.

Also known as: recollection of Dhamma, mindfulness of the Dhamma, reflection on the qualities of the Dhamma
Pāli: dhammānussati, dhammānusmṛti
View all discourses →
Solitude

Solitude

Physical seclusion from crowds and mental seclusion from unwholesome states. It provides the quietude necessary for the mind to settle, detach from worldly entanglements, and develop deep collectedness.

Also known as: seclusion, privacy, aloofness, non-association
Pāli: viveka, asaṃsaṭṭha
View all discourses →
Tranquility

Tranquility

A mental quality of calm and stillness that arises when the body and mind are unburdened by agitation.

Also known as: calmness, peacefulness, serenity
Pāli: passaddhi, santi, upasama, upasanta
View all discourses →

Last updated on June 3, 2026