Seven perceptions, of 1) unattractiveness, 2) death, 3) unpleasantness of food, 4) non-delight in the whole world, 5) impermanence, 6) unsatisfactoriness in impermanence, and 7) not-self in unsatisfactoriness, that when cultivated and frequently practiced lead to the deathless, in brief.

AN 7.48  Paṭhama saññā sutta - Perceptions (First)

“Sattimā, bhikkhave, saññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā amatogadhā amatapariyosānā.

“These seven |perceptions::conceptions, recognitions [saññā]|, when cultivated and frequently practiced, are of great fruit and great benefit; they lead to the deathless and |culminate in the deathless::end in the deathless state, epithet of Nibbāna [amatapariyosāna]|.

Katamā satta? Asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhāre paṭikūlasaññā, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññā, aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, satta saññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā amatogadhā amatapariyosānā”ti.

What seven? 1.) The perception of |unattractiveness::disagreeableness, recognizing the not aesthetically pleasing characteristics [asubha]|, 2.) the perception of death, 3.) the perception of unpleasantness of food, 4.) the perception of non-delight in the whole world, 5.) the perception of |impermanence::instability [anicca]|, 6.) the perception of |unsatisfactoriness::having the quality of being distressing, unfulfilling, marked by discontentment [dukkha]| in impermanence, and 7.) the perception of |not-self::not suitable to identify with, impersonality [anatta]| in unsatisfactoriness. These, bhikkhus, are the seven perceptions which, when cultivated and frequently practiced, are of great fruit and great benefit; they lead to the deathless and culminate in the deathless.”

Qualities:

Cultivation

Cultivation

The active practice of 'bringing into being' wholesome states. It is the deliberate nurturing of the bright state of mind.

Also known as: development, improvement, meditation, nurturing, growth
Pāli: bhāvanā
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Recognition of impermanence

Recognition of impermanence

Perceiving all conditioned things as unstable and transient. This recognition weakens attachment by revealing the continual arising and ceasing of phenomena, turning the mind toward wisdom and release.

Also known as: perception of impermanence, perception of instability, realization of transience
Pāli: aniccasaññā
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Recognition of not-self

Recognition of not-self

Seeing that no phenomenon can rightly be taken as “I” or “mine.” It reveals the impersonal, dependently arisen nature of all experience, undermining conceit and attachment to identity.

Also known as: perception of not being suitable to identify with, realization of being subject to change, recognition of alteration and changing nature
Pāli: anattasaññā
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Recognition of unattractiveness

Recognition of unattractiveness

Contemplation that perceives the body as composed of impure and impermanent parts, countering the delusion of beauty and sensual infatuation. This perception cools passion, fosters dispassion, and restores clear seeing of the body’s true nature as conditioned and transient.

Also known as: perception of unattractiveness, recognition of the drawbacks
Pāli: asubhasaññā
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Recognition of unsatisfactoriness

Recognition of unsatisfactoriness

Perceiving the inherent inadequacy and unreliability of conditioned existence. This recognition loosens craving and the pursuit of lasting satisfaction in what cannot endure.

Also known as: perception of unsatisfactoriness, recognition of discontentment
Pāli: dukkhasaññā
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Recollection of death

Recollection of death

Keeping in view the certainty and nearness of death. Recollection of death ignites wholesome desire for awakening and sustains uphill vigour against habitual tendencies.

Also known as: mindfulness of death
Pāli: maraṇassati
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Last updated on December 13, 2025