The Buddha describes the three elements - 1) form element, 2) formless element, and 3) element of cessation.

ITI 51  Dhātu sutta - Elements

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, as I have heard:

“Tisso imā, bhikkhave, dhātuyo. Katamā tisso? Rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu, nirodhadhātuimā kho, bhikkhave, tisso dhātuyo”ti.

“There are these three elements, bhikkhus. The |form element::objects of vision, materials, including the realm and objects of subtle materiality [rūpadhātu]|, the |formless element::states not rooted in materiality, including mental realms and meditative attainments beyond physical form [arūpadhātu]| and the |element of cessation::the complete ending of conditioned phenomena, including the cessation of perception and what is felt, leading to Nibbāna [nirodhadhātu]|. These, bhikkhus, are the three elements.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Rūpadhātuṁ pariññāya,
āruppesu asaṇṭhitā;
Nirodhe ye vimuccanti,
te janā maccuhāyino.

“|Completely comprehending::fully understanding [pariññāya]| the element of form,
And |not caught in::not fixed in, not attached to [asaṇṭhita]| the formless element;
Those who are freed through cessation,
Are the ones |who have gone beyond death::who have transcended mortality [maccuhāyino]|.

Kāyena amataṁ dhātuṁ,
phusayitvā nirūpadhiṁ;
Upadhippaṭinissaggaṁ,
sacchikatvā anāsavo;
Deseti sammāsambuddho,
asokaṁ virajaṁ padan”ti.

Contacting the |deathless::deathless state, epithet of Nibbāna [amata]| with the body,
having reached the state |free from attachment::free from grasping, not taking as mine, not appropriating [nirūpadhi]|;
Through |relinquishing of acquisitions::abandoning of identification [upadhippaṭinissagga]|,
free from the taints, they |personally experience::realize for oneself [sacchikatvā]| [the truth];
The |perfectly Awakened One::fully awakened being, fully enlightened being [sammāsambuddha]| teaches,
the sorrow-free, |unblemished::pure, stainless [viraja]| path.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Qualities:

Complete comprehension

Complete comprehension

The thorough understanding of phenomena as they truly are—fully knowing their arising, passing, and the unsatisfactoriness inherent in them while they persist.

Also known as: full understanding, knowing full well, seeing things as they are
Pāli: pariññāya, sammadaññā, sampajañña, saṅkhāya
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Giving up

Giving up

The mental quality of renunciation and release from attachment. It delights in simplicity and freedom rather than in sensual pleasure. Giving up is not loss but the joyful abandoning of burden, opening the way to peace and insight.

Also known as: renunciation, relinquishment, letting go, abandonment
Pāli: nekkhamma
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Sorrow-free

Sorrow-free

A serene balance of mind that is untroubled by loss or change. It allows the mind’s natural clarity to surface when freed from clinging.

Also known as: free from sadness, without grief
Pāli: asoka, visoka
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Last updated on December 13, 2025