Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kosalesu viharati sālāya brāhmaṇagāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.
At one time, the Blessed One was dwelling among the Kosalans at the brahmin village of |Sālā::name of a Brahman village in Kosala [sālā]|. There, the Blessed One addressed the bhikkhus: “Bhikkhus.”
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Venerable sir,” those bhikkhus replied to the Blessed One. The Blessed One said this:
“Ye te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṁ dhammavinayaṁ, te vo, bhikkhave, bhikkhū catunnaṁ satipaṭṭhānānaṁ bhāvanāya samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā. Katamesaṁ catunnaṁ?
“Bhikkhus, those bhikkhus who are new, recently ordained, and who have just come to this |Dhamma::teachings of the Buddha that point to the nature of reality, the ultimate truth [dhamma]| and |Vinaya::code of monastic discipline rules, training [vinaya]|, they should be encouraged by you, should be settled, and should be firmly grounded in the |cultivation::development, meditation [bhāvanā]| of the four establishments of mindfulness. What four?
Etha tumhe, āvuso, kāye kāyānupassino viharatha ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, kāyassa yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇāya;
1.) Come, friends, dwell contemplating the body in and of itself—|with continuous effort::ardent, zealous, with energy, with application [ātāpī]|, |fully aware::with attentiveness, with clear and full comprehension, intentional, purposeful [sampajāna]|, |being integrated::being whole [ekodibhūta]|, with a |tranquil::serene, calm [vippasanna]|, |collected::composed, settled [samāhita]| and |unified::one-pointedness, with oneness, integrated, well-composed, concentrated [ekagga]| mind, in order to know the body |as it is in actuality::as it has come to be, in reality [yathābhūta]|.
vedanāsu vedanānupassino viharatha ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, vedanānaṁ yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇāya;
2.) Dwell contemplating the |felt experience::pleasant, neutral, or painful sensation, feeling felt on contact through eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind [vedanā]| in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, in order to know the felt experience as it is in actuality.
citte cittānupassino viharatha ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, cittassa yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇāya;
3.) Dwell contemplating the |mind::the faculty of thought and intention, often restless or wandering [citta]| in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, in order to know the mind as it is in actuality.
dhammesu dhammānupassino viharatha ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, dhammānaṁ yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇāya.
4.) Dwell contemplating the |mental qualities::characteristics, traits, and tendencies of the mind, shaped by repeated actions and sustained attention, guided by particular ways of understanding; they may be wholesome or unwholesome, bright or dark [dhammā]| in and of themselves—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, in order to know the mental qualities as they are in actuality.
Yepi te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū sekhā appattamānasā anuttaraṁ yogakkhemaṁ patthayamānā viharanti, tepi kāye kāyānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, kāyassa pariññāya; vedanāsu vedanānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, vedanānaṁ pariññāya; citte cittānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, cittassa pariññāya; dhammesu dhammānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, dhammānaṁ pariññāya.
Bhikkhus, those bhikkhus who are trainees, who have |not attained [their mind’s ideal]::not reached the goal; (comm) not attained arahantship [appattamānasa]|, who dwell aspiring for the unsurpassed security from bondage, they also dwell contemplating the body in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, for the |complete comprehension::full understanding [pariñña]| of the body; dwell contemplating the felt experience in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, for the complete comprehension of the felt experience; dwell contemplating the mind in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, for the complete comprehension of the mind; dwell contemplating the mental qualities in and of themselves—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, for the complete comprehension of the mental qualities.
Yepi te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṁyojanā sammadaññāvimuttā, tepi kāye kāyānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, kāyena visaṁyuttā; vedanāsu vedanānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, vedanāhi visaṁyuttā; citte cittānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, cittena visaṁyuttā; dhammesu dhammānupassino viharanti ātāpino sampajānā ekodibhūtā vippasannacittā samāhitā ekaggacittā, dhammehi visaṁyuttā.
Bhikkhus, those bhikkhus who are arahants, |whose mental defilements have ended::who is awakened through the complete exhaustion of the mental effluents, taints [khīṇāsava]|, who have fulfilled the spiritual life, who have done what had to be done, having put down the burden, having achieved the highest goal, |having exhausted the fetter of existence::who has worn away the bonds of continued conditional existence, i.e. the karmically conditioned mode of being that leads to future rebirth [parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojana]|, and having been liberated through complete comprehension, they also dwell contemplating the body in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, |disentangled from::disengaged from, detached from, unfettered from [visaṃyutta]| from the body; dwell contemplating the felt experience in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, disentangled from the felt experience; dwell contemplating the mind in and of itself—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, disentangled from the mind; dwell contemplating the mental qualities in and of themselves—with continuous effort, fully aware, being integrated, with a tranquil, collected, and unified mind, disentangled from the mental qualities.
Yepi te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṁ dhammavinayaṁ, te vo, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imesaṁ catunnaṁ satipaṭṭhānānaṁ bhāvanāya samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā”ti.
Bhikkhus, those bhikkhus who are new, recently ordained, and who have just come to this Dhamma and Vinaya, they should be encouraged by you, should be settled, and should be firmly grounded in the cultivation of these four establishments of mindfulness.”