The Buddha describes the foremost of his bhikkhunī disciples in various categories.

AN 1.235-247  Pañcama Etadagga vagga - The Chapter on the Foremost (Fifth)

1.235

“Etadaggaṁ, bhikkhave, mama sāvikānaṁ bhikkhunīnaṁ rattaññūnaṁ yadidaṁ mahāpajāpatigotamī.

“Bhikkhus, the |foremost::chief, best [agga]| of my bhikkhunī disciples in |experience::lit. knowing nights [rattaññū]| is |Mahāpajāpati Gotamī::Buddha’s foster-mother; first bhikkhunī to ordain [mahāpajāpatigotamī]|.

1.236

Mahāpaññānaṁ yadidaṁ khemā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those with |great wisdom::profound understanding [mahāpaññā]| is |Khemā::wife of King Bimbisāra; foremost bhikkhunī of the Buddha in great wisdom [khemā]|.

1.237

Iddhimantīnaṁ yadidaṁ uppalavaṇṇā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those with |psychic power::supernormal abilities [iddhimant]| is |Uppalavaṇṇā::foremost bhikkhunī of the Buddha in psychic power [uppalavaṇṇā]|.

1.238

Vinayadharānaṁ yadidaṁ paṭācārā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those who are expert in |Vinaya::code of monastic discipline rules, training [vinaya]| is |Paṭācārā::foremost bhikkhunī of the Buddha in upholding the Vinaya [paṭācārā]|.

1.239

Dhammakathikānaṁ yadidaṁ dhammadinnā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those who speak on the |Dhamma::teachings of the Buddha that point to the nature of reality, the ultimate truth [dhamma]| is |Dhammadinnā::foremost bhikkhunī of the Buddha in giving Dhamma discourses [dhammadinnā]|.

1.240

Jhāyīnaṁ yadidaṁ nandā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those who practice meditation is Nandā.

1.241

Āraddhavīriyānaṁ yadidaṁ soṇā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those |with energy aroused::with initiative [āraddhavīriya]|, and |determined::resolute, applying oneself [pahitatta]| is Soṇā.

1.242

Dibbacakkhukānaṁ yadidaṁ bakulā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those with |divine eye::the faculty of clairvoyance, the ability to see beyond the ordinary human range [dibbacakkhu]| is |Bakulā::foremost bhikkhunī of the Buddha in divine eye [bakulā]|.

1.243

Khippābhiññānaṁ yadidaṁ bhaddā kuṇḍalakesā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those who |quickly attain direct knowledge::with quick realization [khippābhiñña]| is Bhaddā Kuṇḍalakesā.

1.244

Pubbenivāsaṁ anussarantīnaṁ yadidaṁ bhaddā kāpilānī.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those who recollect their past lives is |Bhaddā Kāpilānī::foremost bhikkhunī of the Buddha in recollecting past lives [bhaddākāpilānī]|.

1.245

Mahābhiññāpattānaṁ yadidaṁ bhaddakaccānā.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those who have attained |great direct knowledge::recollection of more than one hundred thousand aeons of previous existences [mahāabhiññā]| is |Bhadda Kaccānā::foremost bhikkhunī of the Buddha in great direct knowledge; another name for Rāhula’s mother, Yasodharā [bhaddakaccānā]|.

1.246

Lūkhacīvaradharānaṁ yadidaṁ kisāgotamī.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those who wear coarse robes is Kisāgotamī.

1.247

Saddhādhimuttānaṁ yadidaṁ siṅgālakamātā”ti.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhunī disciples among those unwavering in confidence is Siṅgālakamātā.”

Topics & Qualities:

Jhana

Jhana

A mental quality of composure where awareness is gathered, steady, rather than scattered or tense. In such collectedness, supported by mindfulness and right view, experience is clearly known and can be wisely contemplated, unlike narrow or disconnected concentration that shuts out the senses and feeds delusion.

Also known as: absorption, concentration, collectedness, mental composure, stability of mind, undistracted awareness
Pāli: jhāna, samādhi, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
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Direct knowledge

Direct knowledge

A deep, firsthand realization or knowing that arises from personal experience, not from study or conceptual understanding; it is an immediate, unmediated apprehension of truth.

Also known as: experiential understanding, direct experience
Pāli: abhiñña
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Psychic power

Psychic power

Supernormal capacities resulting from a practice of collectedness rooted in aspiration, determination, purification of mind, and investigation of phenomena.

Also known as: supernormal abilities, psychic ability, spiritual power
Pāli: iddhi, iddhimant
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, vijjā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita
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Last updated on December 13, 2025