Home DHP DHP 320-333

Dhammapada verses 320–333 highlight self-discipline, wisdom, and perseverance through the imagery of elephants. They highlight inner mastery over strength, the value of solitude over company of immature persons, and the importance of taming one’s mind. Honoring parents, cultivating virtue, and letting go of suffering lead to true ease.

Nāga vagga - Chapter 23 - The Elephant

320

Like an elephant in battle,
who |endures::withstands, bears, tolerates [titikkhati]| an arrow shot from a bow;
So will I endure |verbal abuse::blame [ativākya]|,
for many people are |unprincipled::without regard for ethical conduct [dussīla]|.

321

The |well-tamed [beast]::trained, mastered [danta]| is led to the assembly,
The tamed [elephant] is the one the king mounts;
The tamed person is the best among humans,
one who endures verbal abuse.

322

Well-trained mules,
thoroughbred horses from |Sindh::A historic region (now in Pakistan) famed for its high-quality thoroughbred horses, prized for their speed and endurance.|,
majestic elephants and great tuskers,
but better than these is one who is |self-controlled::self restrained [attadanta]|.

323

Not by these vehicles,
could one travel to the |untraveled destination::ultimate unreached goal, Nibbāna [agata disa]|;
But by one‘s own well-tamed self,
the self-controlled one reaches the goal.

324

Dhanapāla, the elephant,
who is in |musth::A periodic condition in male elephants marked by heightened aggression and secretion of a pungent fluid from the temples.| and difficult to restrain;
Bound, he does not eat the morsel given to him,
but only longs for the elephant forest.

325

When one is drowsy and a glutton,
a sleeper who tosses and turns in bed;
Like a great pig fattened on fodder,
the |dull-witted one::tender, weak, undeveloped [manda]| is reborn again and again.

326

Previously, this mind wandered on its own,
wherever it wished, wherever it liked, and wherever it found pleasure;
Today, I shall restrain it |with wisdom::properly, prudently, thoroughly, carefully [yoniso]|,
like a mahout controlling an elephant in rut with a hook.

327

|Delight in diligence::devote to conscientiousness, take pleasure in alertness [appamādarata]|,
|look after::guard, protect [anurakkhati]| your own mind;
Lift yourself out of this pit,
just like an elephant draws himself out of the mud.

328

If one finds a |wise::discerning, astute [nipaka]| companion,
a virtuous and discerning fellow traveler;
Let one walk together, overcoming all dangers,
with a pleased mind and |mindfulness::clear comprehension and full awareness of body, felt experiences, mind, and mental qualities [sati]|.

329

If one does not find a wise companion,
a virtuous and discerning fellow traveler;
Let one walk alone, like a king leaving his conquered realm,
like an elephant roaming the |Mātaṅga::A mythical or historical forest known for being a habitat of wild elephants. Here, it symbolizes solitude and the freedom of a great tusker, a metaphor for a wise person living independently [mātaṅga]| forest.

330

A solitary life is better,
there is no companionship with |immature people::lacking in discernment or good sense, child-like in understanding [bāle]|;
Let one walk alone, not partaking in |injurious actions::harmful, bad, potentially evil intention or action [pāpa]|,
calm and unconcerned, like an elephant in the Mātaṅga forest.

331

Friends bring |ease::contentment, happiness, pleasant abiding [sukha]| when a need arises,
Contentment is ease in all situations;
|Merit::good deeds, spiritual wealth [puññā]| is ease at life’s end,
The |giving up::letting go, abandoning, removal [pahāna]| of all |suffering::discomfort, unpleasantness, discontentment, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, i.e. mild or intense suffering [dukkha]| is the highest ease.

332

In this world, good is devotion to one‘s mother,
and good is devotion to one’s father;
In this world, good is devotion to |renunciants::ascetics, monks [samaṇa]|,
and good is devotion to the |holy men::Arahants [brahman]|.

333

Good is |virtue::morality, ethical conduct [sīla]| lasting until old age,
good is faith that is |well established::firmly grounded [patiṭṭhita]|;
Good is the acquisition of wisdom,
and good is the non-doing of |injurious actions::harmful, bad, potentially evil intention or actions [pāpā]|.

Last updated on March 27, 2025

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