Evaṁ me sutaṁ— ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde.
Thus have I heard—At one time, the Blessed One was dwelling at Sāvatthi, in the Eastern Park, at |Migāramātā’s mansion::name of a monastery outside Sāvatthī, built by Visākhā; lit. Migāra’s Mother’s Hall [migāramātupāsāda]|.
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṁ tuṇhībhūtaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi: “jāneyya nu kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisaṁ: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
Now on that occasion, the Blessed One was seated in the open air, surrounded by the |Saṅgha::The community of monks and nuns practicing in line with the Buddha’s teachings. In the broader sense, this is the community of disciples who have realized the noble path and fruition through the Buddha’s teachings [saṅgha]| of bhikkhus on the |Uposatha::Occurring on specific lunar days such as the full moon, new moon, and quarter moons, this is a time for renewing virtue, deepening practice, and purifying the mind. [uposatha]| day of the fifteenth, on the night of the full moon. Then, having surveyed the completely silent Saṅgha of bhikkhus, the Blessed One addressed the bhikkhus: “Bhikkhus, could a |person without integrity::unethical person, inferior person [asappurisa]| know a person without integrity: ‘This fellow is a person without integrity’?”
“No hetaṁ, bhante”.
“No, venerable sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; aṭṭhānametaṁ, bhikkhave, anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. Jāneyya pana, bhikkhave, asappuriso sappurisaṁ: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
“Good, bhikkhus. It is impossible, it cannot happen, that a person without integrity could recognize a person without integrity: ‘This fellow is a person without integrity.’ But, bhikkhus, could a person without integrity recognize a |person of integrity::virtuous person [sappurisa]|: ‘This fellow is a person of integrity’?”
“No hetaṁ, bhante”.
“No, venerable sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; etampi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhānaṁ anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. Asappuriso, bhikkhave, assaddhammasamannāgato hoti, asappurisabhatti hoti, asappurisacintī hoti, asappurisamantī hoti, asappurisavāco hoti, asappurisakammanto hoti, asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti; asappurisadānaṁ deti.
“Good, bhikkhus. This too is impossible, it cannot happen, that a person without integrity could recognize a person of integrity: ‘This fellow is a person of integrity.’ Bhikkhus, a person without integrity is possessed of bad qualities, associates with people without integrity, thinks unethical thoughts, counsels like a person without integrity, speaks unethically, acts in an unethical manner, holds views like a person without integrity, and gives gifts like a person without integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddhammasamannāgato hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddhammasamannāgato hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, is a person without integrity possessed of bad qualities? Here, bhikkhus, a person without integrity is |faithless::without confidence, without conviction [assaddha]|, |lacking sense of right and wrong::shamelessness, lacking conscience [ahirika]|, |morally reckless::fearless regarding wrongdoing, lacking prudence [anottappa]|, of |little learning::ignorant, uneducated [appassuta]|, |lazy::procrastinating, inactive person, indolent [kusīta]|, |muddle-minded::forgetful, not mindful [muṭṭhassatī]|, and |undiscerning::without wisdom [duppañña]|. That is how a person without integrity is possessed of bad qualities.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisabhatti hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappurisassa ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā assaddhā ahirikā anottappino appassutā kusītā muṭṭhassatino duppaññā tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisabhatti hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person without integrity associate with people without integrity? Here, bhikkhus, those ascetics and brahmins who are faithless, lacking sense of right and wrong, morally reckless, of little learning, lazy, muddle-minded, and undiscerning—those are the ones the person without integrity has for his friends and his companions. That is how a person without integrity associates with people without integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisacintī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisacintī hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person without integrity think unethical thoughts? Here, bhikkhus, a person without integrity |intends::wills, thinks about [ceteti]| for his own |affliction::harm, injury [byābādha]|, intends for the affliction of another, and intends for the affliction of both. That is how a person without integrity thinks unethical thoughts.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisamantī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso attabyābādhāyapi manteti, parabyābādhāyapi manteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi manteti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisamantī hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person without integrity counsel like a person without integrity? Here, bhikkhus, a person without integrity counsels for his own affliction, counsels for the affliction of others, and counsels for the affliction of both. That is how a person without integrity counsels like a person without integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisavāco hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso musāvādī hoti, pisuṇavāco hoti, pharusavāco hoti, samphappalāpī hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisavāco hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person without integrity speak unethically? Here, bhikkhus, a person without integrity |speaks falsely::who lies [musāvādī]|, |speaks divisively::who separates others by speech, who sows discord [pisuṇavācā]|, |speaks harshly::who speak using rough words, rudely, or in an unkind manner [pharusavācā]|, and |chatters frivolously::who talk rubbish, who gossip [samphappalāpī]|. That is how a person without integrity speaks unethically.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisakammanto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisakammanto hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person without integrity act in an unethical manner? Here, bhikkhus, a person without integrity kills living beings, takes what is not given, and engages in sexual misconduct. That is how a person without integrity acts in an unethical manner.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso evaṁdiṭṭhi hoti: ‘natthi dinnaṁ, natthi yiṭṭhaṁ, natthi hutaṁ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṁ kammānaṁ phalaṁ vipāko, natthi ayaṁ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā, ye imañca lokaṁ parañca lokaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person without integrity hold views like a person without integrity? Here, bhikkhus, a person without integrity holds such a view: ‘There is nothing given, nothing offered, nothing sacrificed; no fruit or result of good and bad actions; no this world, no other world; no mother, no father; no beings who are reborn spontaneously; no ascetics and brahmins in the world who are rightly practicing or have rightly practiced, and who, having realized for themselves by |direct knowledge::experiential understanding [abhiññāya]|, declare this world and the other world.’ That is how a person without integrity holds views like a person without integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadānaṁ deti? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso asakkaccaṁ dānaṁ deti, asahatthā dānaṁ deti, acittīkatvā dānaṁ deti, apaviṭṭhaṁ dānaṁ deti anāgamanadiṭṭhiko dānaṁ deti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadānaṁ deti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person without integrity give gifts like a person without integrity? Here, bhikkhus, a person without integrity gives gifts |disrespectfully::carelessly, inattentively [asakkaccaṁ]|, |not with his own hand::impersonally, by proxy [asahatthā]|, gives what is to be |discarded::lit. thrown away [apaviddha]|, and gives |without regard for its future consequences::with no thought of the results [anāgamanadiṭṭhika]|. That is how a person without integrity gives gifts like a person without integrity.
So, bhikkhave, asappuriso evaṁ assaddhammasamannāgato, evaṁ asappurisabhatti, evaṁ asappurisacintī, evaṁ asappurisamantī, evaṁ asappurisavāco, evaṁ asappurisakammanto, evaṁ asappurisadiṭṭhi; evaṁ asappurisadānaṁ datvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā yā asappurisānaṁ gati tattha upapajjati. Kā ca, bhikkhave, asappurisānaṁ gati? Nirayo vā tiracchānayoni vā.
That person without integrity, bhikkhus—being thus possessed of bad qualities, thus associating with people without integrity, thus thinking like a person without integrity, thus counseling like a person without integrity, thus speaking unethically, thus acting in an unethical manner, thus holding views like a person without integrity; having given gifts like a person without integrity—with the breakup of the body, after death, reappears in the destination of persons without integrity. And what, bhikkhus, is the destination of persons without integrity? |Hell::a place of intense suffering, lit. no good fortune [niraya]| or the animal realm.
Jāneyya nu kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisaṁ: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
Bhikkhus, could a person of integrity know a person of integrity: ‘This fellow is a person of integrity’?”
“Evaṁ, bhante”.
“Yes, venerable sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; ṭhānametaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ sappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. Jāneyya pana, bhikkhave, sappuriso asappurisaṁ: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
“Good, bhikkhus. It is possible, it can happen, that a person of integrity could recognize a person of integrity: ‘This fellow is a person of integrity.’ But, bhikkhus, could a person of integrity recognize a person without integrity: ‘This fellow is a person without integrity’?”
“Evaṁ, bhante”.
“Yes, venerable sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; etampi kho, bhikkhave, ṭhānaṁ vijjati yaṁ sappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. Sappuriso, bhikkhave, saddhammasamannāgato hoti, sappurisabhatti hoti, sappurisacintī hoti, sappurisamantī hoti, sappurisavāco hoti, sappurisakammanto hoti, sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti; sappurisadānaṁ deti.
“Good, bhikkhus. This too is possible, it can happen, that a person of integrity could recognize a person without integrity: ‘This fellow is a person without integrity.’ Bhikkhus, a person of integrity is possessed of good qualities, associates with people of integrity, thinks ethical thoughts, counsels like a person of integrity, speaks ethically, acts in an ethical manner, holds views like a person of integrity, and gives gifts like a person of integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddhammasamannāgato hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddhammasamannāgato hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, is a person of integrity possessed of good qualities? Here, bhikkhus, a person of integrity has faith, has a |sense of right and wrong::sense of shame, conscience, modesty [hirī]|, has |moral dread::fear of wrongdoing out of regard for others [ottappa]|, is |very learned::well educated, knowledgeable [bahussuta]|, is |energetic::with energy aroused, with initiative [āraddhavīriya]|, is one who |attends mindfully::is with presence of mind [upaṭṭhitassatī]|, and is |wise::intelligent, discerning, insightful, percipient [paññava]|. That is how a person of integrity is possessed of good qualities.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisabhatti hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappurisassa ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhā hirimanto ottappino bahussutā āraddhavīriyā upaṭṭhitassatino paññavanto tyāssa mittā honti, te sahāyā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisabhatti hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person of integrity associate with people of integrity? Here, bhikkhus, those ascetics and brahmins who have faith, have a sense of right and wrong, have moral dread, are very learned, are energetic, are those who attend mindfully, and are wise—those are the ones the person without integrity has for his friends and his companions. That is how a person of integrity associates with people of integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisacintī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisacintī hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person of integrity think ethical thoughts? Here, bhikkhus, a person of integrity does not intend for his own affliction, does not intend for the affliction of others, and does not intend for the affliction of both. That is how a person of integrity thinks ethical thoughts.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisamantī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso nevattabyābādhāya manteti, na parabyābādhāya manteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya manteti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisamantī hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person of integrity counsel like a person of integrity? Here, bhikkhus, a person of integrity does not counsel for his own affliction, does not counsel for the affliction of others, and does not counsel for the affliction of both. That is how a person of integrity counsels like a person of integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisavāco hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisavāco hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person of integrity speak ethically? Here, bhikkhus, a person of integrity abstains from false speech, abstains from divisive speech, abstains from harsh speech, and abstains from frivolous chatter. That is how a person of integrity speaks ethically.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisakammanto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisakammanto hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person of integrity act in an ethical manner? Here, bhikkhus, a person of integrity abstains from killing living beings, abstains from taking what is not given, and abstains from sexual misconduct. That is how a person of integrity acts in an ethical manner.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso evaṁdiṭṭhi hoti: ‘atthi dinnaṁ, atthi yiṭṭhaṁ, atthi hutaṁ, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṁ kammānaṁ phalaṁ vipāko, atthi ayaṁ loko, atthi paro loko, atthi mātā, atthi pitā, atthi sattā opapātikā, atthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṁ parañca lokaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person of integrity hold views like a person of integrity? Here, bhikkhus, a person of integrity holds such a view: ‘There is what is given, what is offered, what is sacrificed; there is fruit and result of good and bad actions; there is this world, there is the next world; there is mother, there is father; there are spontaneously reborn beings; there are recluses and brahmins in the world who are rightly conducted and rightly practicing, who, having realized this world and the next world for themselves by direct knowledge, make them known.’ That is how a person of integrity holds views like a person of integrity.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadānaṁ deti? Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso sakkaccaṁ dānaṁ deti, sahatthā dānaṁ deti, cittīkatvā dānaṁ deti, anapaviṭṭhaṁ dānaṁ deti, āgamanadiṭṭhiko dānaṁ deti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadānaṁ deti.
And how, bhikkhus, does a person of integrity give gifts like a person of integrity? Here, bhikkhus, a person of integrity gives respectfully, gives with his own hand, gives considerately, gives what is not to be discarded, and gives with the view that something will come back. That is how a person of integrity gives gifts like a person of integrity.
So, bhikkhave, sappuriso evaṁ saddhammasamannāgato, evaṁ sappurisabhatti, evaṁ sappurisacintī, evaṁ sappurisamantī, evaṁ sappurisavāco, evaṁ sappurisakammanto, evaṁ sappurisadiṭṭhi; evaṁ sappurisadānaṁ datvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā yā sappurisānaṁ gati tattha upapajjati. Kā ca, bhikkhave, sappurisānaṁ gati? Devamahattatā vā manussamahattatā vā”ti.
That person of integrity, bhikkhus—being thus possessed of good qualities, thus associating with people of integrity, thus thinking ethical thoughts, thus counseling like a person of integrity, thus speaking ethically, thus acting in an ethical manner, thus holding views like a person of integrity; having given gifts like a person of integrity—with the breakup of the body, after death, reappears in the destination of persons of integrity. And what, bhikkhus, is the destination of persons of integrity? Greatness among the gods or greatness among humans.”
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.
The Blessed One said this. The bhikkhus were delighted and rejoiced in the Blessed One’s words.