The venerable Mahāmoggallāna enumerates sixteen unwholesome qualities, such as being irritable, a denigrator, and deceitful, that make someone difficult to admonish. He then teaches the method of self-inference—understanding that our flaws are just as disagreeable to others as theirs are to us.

The young brahmin Subha asks the Buddha why human beings experience such vast disparities in lifespan, health, wealth, and wisdom. The Buddha explains that beings are the owners and heirs of their actions. He details specific unwholesome and wholesome behaviors, showing exactly how each shapes future rebirths and human conditions.

The Buddha shares the ten grounds for resentment that lead to anger and agitation in the mind.

The Buddha illustrates that his true inheritance is the Dhamma, not material possessions. Venerable Sāriputta clarifies the practice of seclusion by listing numerous harmful qualities to abandon and the Middle Way that leads to abandoning of them, to clear vision, wisdom, tranquility, to full awakening.

The Buddha clarifies the proper path of a true ascetic, illustrating that internal purification, not external practices, defines true asceticism. The Buddha also describes the wearing away of the taints, the cultivation of the four immeasurable states, and the taintless liberation of mind using similes of a concealed weapon and a cool pond.

The Buddha contrasts the misdirected and well-directed mind, and explains the importance of directing the mind.

Five ways for removing arisen resentment - 1) loving-kindness, 2) compassion, 3) equanimity, 4) disregarding and non-attention, 5) reflection on kamma.

The Buddha shares ten ways to remove resentment by changing one’s perspective on harmful actions.

The Buddha uses the simile of a defiled cloth to explain how the mind can be similarly defiled by various impurities, and how it can be purified by abandoning them. And it is through this very practice that one arrives at unshakeable faith in the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Saṅgha. The Buddha also addresses a brahmin in verses who believes in purification by bathing in river.

The Buddha distinguishes pleasant abidings in the here and now from the way of effacement leading upwards to complete quenching. Effacement is shown as the gradual chipping away of defilements through restraint, cultivation of the noble eightfold path, and diligent training, culminating in the complete freedom of Nibbāna.

Witnessing the factional splitting of the Nigaṇṭhas after their leader's death, Ānanda voices concern about the future harmony of the Saṅgha. The Buddha responds by explaining the six roots of dispute, four types of legal issues, and seven procedural methods for settling them. He concludes by teaching six principles of cordiality to foster lasting unity and mutual respect.

The Buddha explains the importance of the Perfectly Awakened One and the wheel-turning monarch, shares about the two types of Buddhas, who does not tremble when a thunder strikes, how living with the unvirtuous and virtuous occurs, and the consequences of not internally settling contention of views and resentment arising from a disciplinary issue.

Five ways to remove arisen resentment toward a person based on their bodily conduct, verbal conduct, and mental clarity.

The Buddha shares the six roots of disputes - 1.) irritable nature and resentment, 2.) denigration and contention, 3.) envy and miserliness, 4.) deceit and hypocrisy, 5.) evil desires and wrong view, 6.) clinging to views, holding on to them, and insisting on them - that lead to one not fulfilling the training, to dispute in the community, and to the harm and suffering of many.

DhammaPada verses 1-20 share on the power of the mind in shaping one’s experiences, the importance of letting go of resentment and hostility, the consequences of living without restraint and moderation, the distinction between essence and non-essence, the sorrow and joy tied to one’s actions, the importance of acting according to the Dhamma, and who partakes in the true ascetic life.